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Evidence Papers for Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention (EIBI)
Gina Green, PhD, BCBA (ggreen3@cox.net)
10/16/08
Adapted from "Applied Behavior Analysis and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Overview and Summary of Scientific Support"
Authors: Louis P. Hagopian & Eric W. Boelter
The Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
News/New papers
Intensive teaching results in dramatic improvements
Thursday April 26, 2007
The Guardian
A two-year British study into the impact of early intensive behavioural intervention (EIBI) found that some toddlers on the programme jumped 40 IQ points. A quarter showed "very substantial improvements", and none regressed.
The youngsters also showed more advanced language and better daily living skills than similar children in a control group who received standard educational support such as speech therapy.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,,2065476,00.html
The full study on which this research report is based is:
Remington, B., Hastings, R. P., Kovshoff, K. et al. A field effectiveness study of early intensive behavioural intervention: outcomes for children with autism and their parents after two years. American Journal on Mental Retardation. (In press).
Eikeseth, S., Smith, T., Jahr, E., & Eldevik, S. (2007)
Outcome for children with autism who began intensive behavioral treatment between ages 4 and 7.
Behavior Modification, Vol. 31, No. 3, 264-278
DOI: 10.1177/0145445506291396
FULL TEXT
This study extends findings on the effects of intensive applied behavior analytic treatment for children with autism who began treatment at a mean age of 5.5 years. The behavioral treatment group (n = 13, 8 boys) was compared to an eclectic treatment group (n = 12, 11 boys). Assignment to groups was made independently based on the availability of qualified supervisors. Both behavioral and eclectic treatment took place in public kindergartens and elementary schools for typically developing children. At a mean age of 8 years, 2 months, the behavioral treatment group showed larger increases in IQ and adaptive functioning than did the eclectic group. The behavioral treatment group also displayed fewer aberrant behaviors and social problems at follow-up. Results suggest that behavioral treatment was effective for children with autism in the study.
Top
"Ourcomes in the Ontario IBI Program"; Perry, Cummings, Geier, Hughes, Freeman,
LaRose, Managhan, Reitzel, and Williams, presented at the ONTABA Conference on
November 10, 2006.
Plain language description
Top
Comparison Table of Intervention studies
AUTISM AND APPLIED BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS (LOVAAS): AN UPDATE
Comment on the analysis of some of the below studies
MJ Connor, Feb.2006
Key: n=number; CA=chronological age at intake; IQ=IQ (see specific citation for testing instrument);
dur=duration of treatment; lang-rec=receptive language; lang-exp=expressive language;
Adaptive=composite score Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales; #normal IQ=# participants who moved from
delay to normal range on IQ test over the course of cited study.
Int.=Intensive. Ec=eclectic; SPED=typical special education; ParentABA=parent directed ABA (consultancy model);
Int.Ec.=Intensive Eclectic, Non-Int.=Non intensive.
| Author(s), (year) |
N |
CA |
IQ |
hrs/wk |
dur |
Measures |
ABA |
CompGp1 |
|
CompGr2 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Lovaas (1987) |
n=19 |
35m |
63 |
40 |
24+m |
|
ABA |
10ABA+SPED |
n=19 |
SPED |
n=21 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
IQ |
+20 |
0 |
|
0 |
|
| Therapist |
|
|
|
|
|
#Normal IQ |
9/19 |
0/19 |
|
1/21 |
|
| availability |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| matched |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Sallows & Graupner(2005) |
n=13 |
35m |
51 |
38 |
24+m |
|
ABA |
ParentInt.ABA |
n=10 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
IQ |
+22.2 |
+27.5 |
|
|
|
| Randomized |
|
|
|
|
|
Nonverbal |
+7.0 |
+6.7 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Lang-Rec |
+17.0 |
+27.0 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Lang-Exp |
+5.5 |
+10.8 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Adaptive |
+9.5 |
+5.8 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
# normalIQ |
5/13 |
6/10 |
|
|
|
|
| Author(s), (year) |
N |
CA |
IQ |
hrs/wk |
dur |
Measures |
ABA |
CompGp1 |
|
CompGp2 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cohen, Amerine-Dickens&Smith(2006) |
n=21 |
30m |
62 |
35-40 |
36+m |
|
ABA |
SPED |
n=21 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
IQ |
+25 |
+14 |
|
|
|
| IEP/IFSP team |
|
|
|
|
|
Nonverbal |
+13 |
+13 |
|
|
|
| matched |
|
|
|
|
|
Lang-rec |
+20 |
+9 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Lang-exp |
+25 |
+15 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Adaptive |
+9 |
-4 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
#normal IQ |
12/21 |
7/21 |
|
|
|
| Smith, Groen, &Wynne (2000) |
n=15 |
24m |
51 |
25 |
33m |
|
ABA |
ParentABA+SPED |
n=13 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
IQ |
+16.0 |
-1.0 |
|
|
|
| Randomized |
|
|
|
|
|
Nonverbal |
+42.7 |
+27.3 |
|
|
|
| matched |
|
|
|
|
|
Lang-Rec |
+29.4 |
+19.9 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Lang-Exp |
+22.6 |
-2.3 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Adaptive |
-2.3 |
-6.7 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
# normalIQ |
4/15 |
0/13 |
|
|
|
| Author(s), (year) |
N |
CA |
IQ |
hrs/wk |
dur |
Measures |
ABA |
CompGp1 |
|
CompGp2 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Howard, Sparkman, Cohen, Green,& Stanislaw(2005) |
n=29 |
31m |
59 |
25-40 |
14m |
|
ABA |
Int.Ec. |
n=16 |
NonInt.Ec. |
n=16 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
IQ |
+29.7 |
+8.4 |
|
+8.9 |
|
| IEP/IFSP teams |
|
|
|
|
|
Nonverbal |
+20.6 |
+6.1 |
|
+2.3 |
|
| matched |
|
|
|
|
|
Lang-rec |
+20.2 |
+3.9 |
|
-4.8 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Lang-exp |
+20.1 |
+3.8 |
|
-4.5 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Adaptive |
+10.5 |
-0.6 |
|
-2.8 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
#normal IQ |
13/29 |
2/16 |
|
3/16 |
|
| Eldevik, Eikeseth,Jahr, & Smith (2002) |
n=13 |
66m |
62 |
28 |
12m |
|
ABA |
Int.Ec. |
n=12 |
|
|
| Therapist |
|
|
|
|
|
IQ |
+17.2 |
+4.3 |
|
|
|
| ability |
|
|
|
|
|
Nonverbal |
+17.5 |
+8.3 |
|
|
|
| matched |
|
|
|
|
|
Lang-Rec |
+12.7 |
-0.7 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Lang-Exp |
+22.6 |
-2.3 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Adaptive |
+15.7 |
-1.6 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
# normal IQ |
7/13 |
2/12 |
|
|
|
| Author(s), (year) |
N |
CA |
IQ |
hrs/wk |
dur |
Measures |
ABA |
CompGp1 |
|
CompGp2 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Birnbrauer & Leach (1993) |
n=9 |
39m |
51 |
19 |
24m |
|
|
SPED |
n=5 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
IQ |
+7 |
NT |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Nonverbal |
+29 |
NT |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Lang |
+6 |
-8 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Adaptive |
-5 |
-7 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
#normal IQ |
2/9 |
1/5 |
|
|
|
| Eldevik, Eikeseth,Jahr, & Smith (2006) |
n=13 |
53m |
41 |
12.5 |
20m |
|
ABA |
Ec. 1:1 |
n=15 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
IQ |
+8.2 |
-2.9 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Nonverbal |
+8.6 |
-10.5 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Lang-Rec |
+6.8 |
-7.7 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Lang-Exp |
+11.0 |
-6.4 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Adaptive |
-0.2 |
-4.8 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
# normal IQ |
1/13 |
0/15 |
|
|
|
Key: n=number; CA=chronological age at intake; IQ=IQ (see specific citation for testing instrument);
dur=duration of treatment; lang-rec=receptive language; lang-exp=expressive language;
Adaptive=composite score Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales; #normal IQ=# participants who moved from
delay to normal range on IQ test over the course of cited study.
Int.=Intensive. Ec=eclectic; SPED=typical special education; ParentABA=parent directed ABA (consultancy model);
Int.Ec.=Intensive Eclectic, Non-Int.=Non intensive.
Table adapted from Green, G. (2007).Applied Behavior Analysis in the Treatment of Autism
Autism Services and Support Conference
Camp Pendleton, CA
January 18,2007
Top
References:
Birnbrauer, J.S., & Leach, D.J. (1993). The Murdoch Early Intervention Program After 2
Years. Behaviour Change, 10(2): 63-74.
Cohen, H., Amerine-Dickens, Smith, T. (2006).
Early Intensive Behavioral Treatment: Replication of the UCLA Model in a Community Setting
J Dev Behav Pediatr 27:145Y155, 2006.
FULL TEXT
Eikeseth, S., Smith, S., Jahr, E., Eldevik, S. (2002).
Intensive Behavioral Treatment at School for 4- to 7-Year-Old Children With Autism A 1-Year Comparison Controlled Study
Behavior Modification, Vol. 26 No. 1, 49-68
FULL TEXT
Eldevik, Eikeseth,Jahr, & Smith (2006)
Effects of Low-Intensity Behavioral Treatment for Children with Autism and Mental Retardation.
J.Autism Dev. Discord.36(2)"211-24
Howard, J.S., Sparkman, C.R., Cohen, H.G., Green, G., Stanislaw, H. (2005).
A comparison of intensive behavior analytic and eclectic treatments for young children with autism.
Research in Developmental Disabilities 26 (2005) 359–383
doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2004.09.005
FULL TEXT
Followup commentary on Howard, et. al.
Lovaas, O. I. (1987).
Behavioral treatment and normal educational and intellectual functioning in young autistic children.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 3-9.
Sallows, G.O., Graupner, T.D. (2005).
Intensive Behavioral Treatment for Children With Autism: Four-Year Outcome and Predictors.
American Journal on Mental Retardations. Vol 110, No. 6: 417-438
FULL TEXT
Smith, T., Groen, A.D., & Wynne, J.W. (2000).
Randomized trial of intensive early intervention for children with pervasive developmental disorder. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 105(4), 269-285.
Top
================================================================
Other EIBI, ABA in autism treatment papers
Anderson, S. R. et al. (1987). Intensive home-based early intervention with autistic children. Education and Treatment of Children, 10, 352-366.
Bibby, P. et al. (2001). Progress and outcomes for children with autism receiving parent-managed intensive interventions. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 22, 425-447. Read Abstract
Birnbrauer, J. S., & Leach, D. J. (1993). The Murdoch Early Intervention Program after 2 years. Behaviour Change, 10, 63-74.
Boyd RD and Corley M.J. (2001). Outcome survey of early intensive behavioral intervention for young children with autism in a community setting. Autism, 5(4), pp. 430-441. Read Abstract
Butter, E.M., Mulick, J.A. and Metz, B. (2006).
Eight case reports of learning recovery in children with pervasive developmental disorders after early intervention. Behavioral Interventions, 21, 227–243
DOI: 10.1002/bin.225
Thanks to COFEAT
Cohen H., Amerine -Dickens M. & Smith T (2006) Cohen, H., Amerine-Dickens, Smith, T. (2006).
Early Intensive Behavioral Treatment: Replication of the UCLA Model in a Community Setting. Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics. 27, 145-155.
Eikeseth, S. et al. (2002). Intensive behavioral treatment at school for 4-7-year-old children with autism: A 1-year comparison controlled study. Behavior Modification, 2002, 49-68. Read Abstract
Eikeseth, S., Smith, T., Jahr, E., & Eldevik, S. (2007).
Outcome for children with autism who began intensive behavioral treatment between ages 4 and 7.
Behavior Modification, Vol. 31, No. 3, 264-278
Eldevik, S. et al. (2006) Effects of low intensity behavioural treatment for children with autism and mental retardation, J Autism & Developmental Disorders 36, 211-224. Read Abstract
Harris SL, Handleman JS. (2000). Age and IQ at intake as predictors of placement for young children with autism: a four- to six-year follow-up. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30, 137-142. Read Abstract
Howard et al. (2005). A comparison of intensive behavior analytic and eclectic treatments for young children with autism.
Research in Developmental Disabilities 26 (2005) 359–383
doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2004.09.005
FULL TEXT
Followup commentary on Howard, et. al.
Lovaas, O. I. (1987). Behavioral treatment and normal educational and intellectual functioning in young autistic children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 3-9.
Lovaas, O. I. & Smith, T. (1989).A comprehensive behavioral theory of autistic children: Paradigm for research and treatment. Journal of Behavioral Therapy and Experimental
Psychiatry, 20, 17-29.
Luiselli J., Cannon B., and Sisson R. (2000). Home-based behavioural intervention for young children with autism/pervasive developmental disorder. Autism, 4, 426-438. Read Abstract
McEachin, J. J., Smith, T., & Lovaas, O. I. (1993). Long-term outcome for children with autism who received early intensive behavioral treatment. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 97, 359-372. Read Abstract (This is a follow up study of the original group studied by Lovaas.)
Magiati, I, Charman T. & Howlin P. (2007). A two-year prospective follow-up study of community-based early intensive behavioural intervention and specialist nursery provision for children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48(8), pp. 803-812. Read Abstract.
Matson, J. L., Benavidez, D.A., Compton, L.S., Paclawskyj, T., & Baglio, C. (1996).
Behavioral treatment of autistic persons: A review of research from 1980 to the present.
Research in Developmental Disabilities, 17, 433-465.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0891-4222(96)00030-3
Mudford, O., Martin, N., Eikeseth, S., Bibby, P. (2001) Parent-managed behavioral treatment for pre-school children with autism: some characteristics of UK programs. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 22, 173-182. Read Abstract
Mulick JA, Butter EM. (1997).
Educational advocacy for children with autism.
Behavioral Interventions. 2002;17:54-74.
Perry, A., Prichard, E.A., & Penn, H.E. (2006).
Indicators of quality teaching in Intensive Behavioral Intervention: A survey of parents and professionals.
Behavioral Interventions, 21, 85-96.
Remington B. et al. (2007). Early intensive behavioral intervention: outcomes for children with autism and their parents after two years. American Journal of Mental Retardation, 112, 418-438.
Overview from Research Autism
Intensive teaching results in dramatic improvements
Thursday April 26, 2007
The Guardian
A two-year British study into the impact of early intensive behavioural intervention (EIBI) found that some toddlers on the programme jumped 40 IQ points. A quarter showed "very substantial improvements", and none regressed.
The youngsters also showed more advanced language and better daily living skills than similar children in a control group who received standard educational support such as speech therapy.
Sallows G. O. Graupner T. D. (2005). Intensive behavioral treatment for children with autism: four-year outcome and predictors. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 110, 417-438.
Sheinkopf, S.J., & Siegel B. (1999). Home-Based Behavioural Treatment of Young Children with Autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 28, 15 -23. Read Abstract
Smith, T., Groen, A. D., & Wynne, J. W. (2000). Randomized trial of intensive early intervention for children with pervasive developmental disorder. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 105 (4), 269-285. Read Abstract
Smith T., Buch G.A., Gamby T.E. (2000). Parent-directed, intensive early intervention for children with pervasive developmental disorder. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 21, 297-309. Read Abstract
Smith T et al. (1997). Intensive behavioral treatment for preschoolers with severe mental retardation and pervasive developmental disorder. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 102, 238-249. Read Abstract
Weiss, M.J. (1999). Differential rates of skill acquisition and outcomes of early intensive behavioral intervention for autism. Behavioral Interventions, 14(1), pp. 3 – 22. Read Abstract
Zachor, D.A. et al. (2007). Change in autism core symptoms with intervention. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1, 304-317.
Butter, E.M., Mulick, J.A. and Metz, B. (2006).
Eight case reports of learning recovery in children with pervasive developmental disorders after early intervention
Behav. Intervent. 21: 227–243
DOI: 10.1002/bin.225
FULL TEXT
Thanks to COFEAT
Eikeseth, S., Smith, T., Jahr, E., & Eldevik, S. (2007)
Outcome for Children with Autism who Began Intensive Behavioral Treatment Between Ages 4 and 7.
Behavior Modification, Vol. 31, No. 3, 264-278
DOI: 10.1177/0145445506291396
FULL TEXT
This study extends findings on the effects of intensive applied behavior analytic treatment for children with autism who began treatment at a mean age of 5.5 years. The behavioral treatment group (n = 13, 8 boys) was compared to an eclectic treatment group (n = 12, 11 boys). Assignment to groups was made independently based on the availability of qualified supervisors. Both behavioral and eclectic treatment took place in public kindergartens and elementary schools for typically developing children. At a mean age of 8 years, 2 months, the behavioral treatment group showed larger increases in IQ and adaptive functioning than did the eclectic group. The behavioral treatment group also displayed fewer aberrant behaviors and social problems at follow-up. Results suggest that behavioral treatment was effective for children with autism in the study.
Lovaas, O. I. & Smith, T. (1989). A comprehensive behavioral
theory of autistic children: Paradigm for research and
treatment. Journal of Behavioral Therapy and Experimental
Psychiatry, 20, 17-29.
Matson, J. L., Benavidez, D.A., Compton, L.S., Paclawskyj, T., & Baglio, C. (1996).
Behavioral treatment of autistic persons: A review of research from 1980 to the present.
Research in Developmental Disabilities, 17, 433-465.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0891-4222(96)00030-3
McEachin, J. J., Smith, T., & Lovaas, O. I. (1993).
Long-term outcome for children with autism who received early intensive
behavioral treatment.
American Journal on Mental Retardation,
97 (4), 359-372. (See also the commentaries on this study)
Mulick JA, Butter EM. (1997).
Educational advocacy for children with autism.
Behavioral Interventions. 2002;17:54-74.
Perry, A., Prichard, E.A., & Penn, H.E. (2006).
Indicators of quality teaching in Intensive Behavioral Intervention: A survey of parents and professionals.
Behavioral Interventions, 21, 85-96.
Smith T, Eikeseth S, Klevstrand M, Lovaas OI. (1997).
Intensive behavioral treatment for preschoolers with severe mental retardation and pervasive developmental disorder.
Am J Ment Retard. 1997;102:238-249.
Top
Research Articles to Support Efficacy of ABA and
To Support Insurance Coverage for ABA Services
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2/17/08
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